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Sigma A Peptides

Selank, Semax and the trouble with adding it all up

Selank and Semax reading list

The enzyme result, the patient outcome and the tissue measurement each have a place here.

Enzymes and anxiety

The human-plasma Selank experiment is the starting point for the home page. Beside it sit the review of Selank's molecular activity and the Russian anxiety trial. I return to this group because each paper approaches the anxiety question at a different scale.

The chronically stressed rats given Selank and diazepam add the interaction question. They were rats, and the combination included diazepam.

Regions and injury models

For Semax, start with BDNF protein in rat basal forebrain and neurotrophin mRNA across rat brain regions. The different cerebellar observations are a useful reason to read both.

Then come the immune and vascular gene-expression study after rat cerebral ischemia, the rat infarction and memory experiment, and the female-mouse spinal-cord-injury study. These deal with injury and recovery, distinct from healthy people's reports of focus.

Complete citations

The complete citation record follows. Several articles appeared in Russian-language journals, with English abstracts available through PubMed; the regional concentration and limited replication constrain how confidently these findings can be generalized.

  1. Vyunova TV, Andreeva L, Shevchenko K, Myasoedov N. Peptide-based Anxiolytics: The Molecular Aspects of Heptapeptide Selank Biological Activity. Protein and Peptide Letters. 2018;25(10):914-923. ↗
  2. Kasian A, Kolomin T, Andreeva L, et al. Peptide Selank Enhances the Effect of Diazepam in Reducing Anxiety in Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Conditions in Rats. Behavioural Neurology. 2017;2017:5091027. ↗
  3. Volkova A, Shadrina M, Kolomin T, et al. Selank Administration Affects the Expression of Some Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2016;7:31. ↗
  4. Inozemtseva LS, Karpenko EA, Dolotov OV, et al. Intranasal administration of the peptide Selank regulates BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus in vivo. Doklady Biological Sciences. 2008;421:241-243. ↗
  5. Uchakina ON, Uchakin PN, Miasoedov NF, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of selank in patients with anxiety-asthenic disorders. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2008;108(5):71-75. ↗
  6. Zozulia AA, Neznamov GG, Siuniakov TS, et al. Efficacy and possible mechanisms of action of a new peptide anxiolytic medication (selank) in the therapy of generalized anxiety disorders and neurasthenia. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2008;108(4):38-48. ↗
  7. Zozulya AA, Kost NV, Sokolov OYu, et al. The inhibitory effect of Selank on enkephalin-degrading enzymes as a possible mechanism of its anxiolytic activity. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2001;131(4):315-317. ↗
  8. et al. Semax peptide targets the mu opioid receptor gene Oprm1 to promote deubiquitination and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in female mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2025. ↗
  9. Medvedeva EV, et al. The peptide semax affects the expression of genes related to the immune and vascular systems in rat brain focal ischemia: genome-wide transcriptional analysis. BMC Genomics. 2014;15:228. ↗
  10. Agapova TY, et al. Neurotrophin gene expression in rat brain under the action of Semax, an analogue of ACTH(4-10). Neurosci Lett. 2007;417(2):201-5. ↗
  11. Dolotov OV, et al. Semax, an analogue of adrenocorticotropin (4-10), binds specifically and increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in rat basal forebrain. J Neurochem. 2006;97 Suppl 1:82-6. ↗
  12. Romanova GA, et al. Neuroprotective and antiamnesic effects of Semax during experimental ischemic infarction of the cerebral cortex. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2006;142(6):663-6. ↗